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Locks are used for raising and lowering boats between in water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The major characteristic of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; falls.
They are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to take a reasonably direct line across land that is not level. One of the types of locks is the pound lock used almost frequently nowadays on canals and rivers. It has a chamber, the pound with gates at both ends that regulates the level of water in the pound.
The interval between the two locks is rather a bigger one to almost 50 paces, and the whole space covered with a large roof like a shed. It has gates which after being closed, water accumulates until the level required is reached, then allowed to come out.
During movements in large water masses, locks may be used in conjunction with weirs. Weirs leads to an increased depth of water. The lock to be used will be installed in the space in the weir. The river usually made more effective using this way is known as a waterway.
Importance of locks in navigation of rivers
Locks plays a major role in effecting movement of boats in water. this is because in the water bodies, there might be obstacles which may hinder proper movement of the boats thus where the importance of the locks comes in.
When movement in water is made possible, lock is necessary in order to unsure the bypass through an obstacle like a dam, or mill- weir due to change in the level of the river against the obstruction without being distracted.
There are three features of a poundlock as below:
i. Chamber of water that connects the upper and the lower canals.
May be made of steel, concrete or brick. It is properly filled if the level of the water coincides with that in the pound on the upper side and when the level coincides with that in the below chamber, it is said to be emptyThey are usually very large so that they many boats as possibe can enter the chamber . These chambers have a fixed position though the water level varies.
ii. There is usually a gate in the end of each chamber. These are usually open in order to allow entry or exit of a boat in and out of the chamber.
iii. Another feature of poundlock is the gear lock. They have the role of emptying or filling the chamber .
The mechanism under which a lock operates is usually simple. When a boat is moving downstream, lock usually get filled with water. The opening gates get open, resulting to the movement of the boat inside. Thereafter, water get drained out of the chamber, as exit gates gets open leading to movement of the boat out of the chamber.
When a boat is moving upstream, the chamber is not filled with water when the boat gets in. Thereafter, water gets into the chamber . This process may take 8 to 20 minutes, in accordance with the size of the gate.
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